Bone augmentation is essential in dentistry to ensure adequate bone volume for successful dental implants. Recent advancements have enhanced both predictability and efficacy through a variety of biomaterials and techniques. Autogenous, allogenic, and synthetic bone substitutes each offer unique benefits tailored to specific patient needs. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), employing particulate bone and barrier membranes, is crucial for reconstructing the alveolar bone's complex anatomy. GBR is key for achieving reliable outcomes in horizontal and vertical ridge augmentations, crucial for implant stability and aesthetics.

The integration of growth factors such as BMP-2 and Vitamin D shows Potential in enhancing bone formation, though their clinical efficacy and safety require further validation. Careful selection of materials and surgical techniques is vital to minimize risks like infection and graft failure, thereby improving patient recovery and success rates. Technological advancements, particularly 3D cone-beam CT, have transformed diagnostic imaging and treatment planning, offering high precision in implant placement.

Soft tissue grafting, especially with autogenous grafts, enhances peri-implant health by increasing tissue thickness and improving mucosal health around implants. Connective tissue grafts have proven to offer better long-term stability and aesthetics compared to collagen matrices, highlighting the importance of material selection. In conclusion, ongoing advancements in biomaterials, techniques, and technologies continue to refine bone augmentation for dental implants, aiming to optimize patient care and treatment outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery.